Communism is a political and economic ideology built around the idea that the means of production — factories, land, resources and capital — should be owned collectively rather than privately, with the long-term goal of creating a classless society without private property or a state. In practice, governments attempting to implement communism concentrated ownership and decision making in a single ruling party. While enforcing collectivization and central planning, these governments created systems in which the state controlled all food and economic output, and policy decisions contributed to widespread famine and the deaths of millions.
Estimates suggest that communist regimes were responsible for roughly 40 to over 100 million unnatural deaths in the 20th century. The primary causes included man-made famines resulting from forced collectivization, deaths in forced-labor systems such as the Gulag and Laogai, and political purges carried out by one-party states in the USSR, China, Cambodia, North Korea, and other countries. These outcomes arose from the coercive and centralized methods used to implement communist economic and political systems. - AsNotedIn
| Composition | Kind | Creator | AsNotedIn |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composition | Kind | Creator | AsNotedIn |
| Gulag: A History (book) | History Book | ||
| Humboldt's Gift | Book | ||
| Moscow Stations | Book | ||
| Small Remedies | Book | ||
| The Bells of Basel (book) | Novel | ||
| The Gulag Archipelago | Verfabula | ||
| To the Finland Station: A Study in the Writing and Acting of History | Book |
|
|
| W R: Mysteries of the Organism | Film |
| Place | Type | AsNotedIn | Locale | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Type | AsNotedIn | Locale | |
| Tsentrosoyuz Building | Moscow | |||
| Russia |
|
|||
| Hoa Lo Prison | Hanoi |
| Last Name | Name | AsNotedIn |
|---|---|---|
| Zweig: | Arnold Zweig |
|
| Davis: | Benjamin Jefferson Davis |
|
| Vittorini: | Elio Vittorini |
|
| Grosz: | George Grosz |
|
| Minh: | Ho Chi Minh |
|
| Fonda: | Jane Fonda |
|
| Oswald: | Lee Harvey Oswald |
|
| Ellison: | Ralph Ellison |
|
| Wright: | Richard Wright |
|
| Bellow: | Saul Bellow |
|
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.